They found that functional connectivity within specific brain regions was associated with individual differences in decision-making. Next, the researchers analyzed how the individual differences they saw in the brain were associated with performance on the Adult Decision-Making Competence test. "We examined the functional brain connectome of each individual and then investigated how each individual's connectome differed from every other individual in the sample." "We conducted an analysis of the whole brain, examining the connections among all regions," Talukdar said. They didn't focus merely on individual regions, but assessed the entire functional brain connectome - which represents how each region is functionally connected to every other region of the brain.
The researchers also administered resting-state functional MRI to assess functional brain connectivity within each study participant. "A person is thought to be competent in decision-making to the extent that they are able to resist these biases and to make accurate decisions." The Adult Decision-Making Competence test allows us to characterize the extent to which people are susceptible to specific types of biases that have been studied in the literature on human judgment and decision-making," Barbey said. "When making everyday decisions, we may be vulnerable to specific types of errors and biases in judgment. Study participants were administered the Adult Decision-Making Competence test, a comprehensive psychological evaluation tool that measures six well-established facets of decision-making - for example, "resistance to framing" and "risk perception." The study, published in the journal Human Brain Mapping, is one of the largest and most comprehensive experiments of individual differences in decision-making conducted to date, the researchers said, with 304 healthy adult participants. "Our research suggests that neurobiological differences appear to be important when accounting for one's susceptibility to biases in judgment and for understanding their competence in decision-making." They might apply different strategies, consider different elements of the problem or assign value to the options differently," Barbey said. "People often take different approaches to decision-making. While prior studies of decision-making have focused on group effects, or the ways everyone's brains are similar, the new study focused on individual differences. A group of researchers at the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at Illinois, led by psychology professor Aron Barbey and postdoctoral researcher Tanveer Talukdar, investigated whether individual differences in brain connectivity were associated with decision-making, using functional MRI and a comprehensive test of decision-making.
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